Important Note
The following example demonstrating the A* search pattern is
taken from the course textbook (Artificial Intelligence : A
Modern Approach, Russell and Norvig, Prentice Hall, 1995,
pages 95-99)
If you are reading this book alongside your CIS 412 notes (and
this is strongly recommended) you may notice some minor
differences. For example, whereas in the book the authors
expand ‘back’ to cities they have just come from, we ignore this
in order to make the animation a little clearer.
Please note that this minor change does not affect the algorithm
as travelling to a city and then travelling back to where you
have just come from is not going to be included in the optimal
solution.
One other small point about the course textbook. Figure 4.4 on
page 98 has a minor error (at least, it certainly does in the 1995
edition). The expansion of Sibiu to Oradea reads 146 + 380 =
526. It should read  291 + 380 = 671. Fortunately, this error
makes no difference to the way the algorithm operates.