The lower reaches of the river encompass the floodplain between the dike embankments, and the area outside the levees fed by river diversions, which incorporates the river's alluvial plain in Henan and the North China Plain. The river provides irrigation to an area of about 15,000 sq km. The climate is dry and windy in spring, hot and wet in summer, dry in fall, and moderately cold and dry in winter. Its population reached 126 million in the 1980s, and is estimated to grow to 146 million in year 2000. At the present time about 44 million people participate in farming consuming about 80% of the total labor force sharing between men and women almost equally.

Picture source: YRCC, Huanghe Feng, Yellow River Pub House, 1996.