The most important topographic feature of this region is the loess plateau, which is badly eroded into thousands of deep gullies and is the main source of sediment production for the river. About 25% of the land is cultivable, and forest coverage is about 11%. Nearly 77% of the basin's grasslands are found in the upper reaches, 18% in the middle reaches, and only 4% in the lower reaches. Its Wei River 渭河 valley is accredited to be the "cradle of Chinese civilization," and together with the Fen River 汾河 valley, they form the most thickly populated areas of the region. The following list of sites are illustrated:
